如何写好雅思写作论证段

发布时间:2022-05-12 18:41:52

如何写好雅思写作论证段

相信很多同学面对雅思写作都有这样的苦恼,背了大量的词汇,练习了无数的高分语法,但仍然写不出论据。那么如何写好雅思写作论证段呢?

一、原因:

原因论证是写作中最常用的论证方法,可以通过写一个现象的原因来承接中心句,一般放在第一层逻辑衔接中使用比较多。

常用连接词:

…because/since/as…

…due to sth【不放句首】

常用句式:

1. This is largely/partly due to…,

…, which is largely/partly due to… 这主要/部分是由于什么。

2. The main reason for it is …N/that +完整的句子

…, the main reason for which is… 主要的原因是什么。

3. A contributing factor is… 其中一个因素是…

4. The social / individual / technical / economic reason for this phenomenon / problem is…【一句话】。

这一现象/问题的社会/个人/技术/经济的原因是…

E.g. Students who take a gap year off tend to be more independent. The main reason for it is that they unavoidably encounter some difficulties and have to deal with them by themselves during their first–time work or travel.

参加间隔年的学生往往更独立。这主要是由于他们在初次的旅行或工作中不可避免地会遇到一些困难且不得不亲自去处理这些困难。

二、结果:

结果论证分为两种,第一种是指好的结果,第二种是指坏的结果,具体由中心句的内容决定。结果论证在第一层逻辑和第二层逻辑中都可以使用。

常用连接词:

Consequently,

As a consequence/result,

…therefore… 因此

…, so that一句话,以至于…

In this way/In so doing, 这么一来,…

E.g. Each team member is assigned a specific task even in teamwork and in so doing, they can also cultivate their independence.

每一个团队成员都会接受一个具体的任务,这么一来,甚至在团队合作中也能培养他们的独立性。

常用句式:

…, which may result in an unpleasant/unexpected/desirable consequence that…【填完整的话】。

这可能会导致一个令人不悦/意料之外/理想的结果,就是…。

E.g. Some students are used to finishing learning tasks all alone, which may result in an unpleasant consequence that their interpersonal skills will deteriorate.

一些学生习惯于独自一人完成学习任务,这可能会导致一个不好的结果,他们的人际交流技能可能会变差。

三、举例:

雅思写作中的举例论证用得不像托福写作那么多,可以是personal experience, 但尽量举一些比较客观的例子,并且例子不要太长,一两句话概括即可,适当对例子进行评论。一般用于第二层逻辑衔接比较多。

常用连接词:

...like /such as【不放开头,后面加名词】

For example﹦For instance【放句首时,后加完整的句子】

E.g. Teamwork benefits students in many ways. For example, the potential of leadership may be possibly stimulated and developed through teamwork.

团队合作能在很多方面使学生们受益。举个例子,通过团队合作就能激发和培养领导力的潜能。

常用句式:

A good case in point is that… 一个典型的例子是…。

E.g. International tourism can promote the development of the local economy. A good case in point is that Hainan, where the tourist attractions have been much explored and developed in recent years, has developed significantly in its economy.

国际旅游能促进当地的经济发展,一个典型的例子是近年来,景点被大力开发的海南在经济上也得到了大力发展。

四、比较:

对比论证分为两种,一种是具体情况的正反对比,拿两件事物进行正反比较。另一种是过去与现在的对比,常用于科技文比较多。第一层与第二层逻辑衔接均可以使用。

常用连接词:

A…, while/whereas B…

While/whereas A…, B…

A…By/In contrast, B…

常用句式:

…, which is in stark/sharp/striking contrast with the fact that…

…, 这和以下事实形成鲜明对比。

E.g. Students who go to university immediately after gradation can better adjust themselves to the academic life, whereas/while those who take a gap year off are very unlikely to refocus their attention on study.

那些毕业后直接上大学的学生能更好地适应大学生活,而那些参加间隔年的学生却很可能无法再专注于学习。

五、举反例:

举反例也可以称为是假设论证,最不起眼但最最好用的方法!第一层与第二层逻辑衔接均可以使用。很多时候,假设论证与结果论证可以构成一定程度上的对比论证。

常用连接词:

Without sth., …/if…not… ,…

E.g. Without the experience of traveling or working during the gap year, students are unlikely to realize what their true interests are.

If students do not take a gap year off, they are unlikely to realize what their true interests are.

要是学生们不参加间隔年,他们很可能意识不到自己真正的兴趣是什么。

六、阐释:

解释说明的论证方法也是用得比较多的,就是对前一句话的递进说明,换种方式更简单地表达一遍,一般用于第一层逻辑衔接。

常用连接词:

…, namely, …

in simpler words/to put it more simply,… 简而言之,…

In other words, … 换句话说,…

E.g. Gap year, namely, the year between finishing high school and starting university, is quite prevalent across the word, western countries in particular.

间隔年,简言之,即高中毕业和上大学前的这年,在全球是很普遍的,尤其是在西方国家。

常用句式:

…, by which I mean…, 说这个我的意思是,…

E.g. Face-to-face instruction will never disappear, by which I mean the traditional way of teaching is irreplaceable to a large extent due to its overwhelming advantages.

面授永远不会消失,我的意思是,它在很大程度上由于其自身的绝对优势是不可替代的。

七、摆证据:

也称为数据法,如果编造数据务必保证它是合情合理的。更聪明的做法是可以描写一个现象,不一定要提到数据,但是要对现象进行扣题分析评论。

常用句式:

It is reported that… 据报道,…

Scientists/Psychologists/Physicists have found that… 科学家们/心理学家们/物理学家们发现…

A recent survey conducted 【by the local government/the department of education/a related department】 indicates that…

最近的一项由【当地政府/教育部门/有关部门】进行的调查显示了…。

例如以下这个考题就可以用数据法来进行论证:

In many cities, planner locates schools, homes, offices, shops in specific areas which were widely separate from each other. Do you agree the advantages of this policy overweigh the disadvantages?

A recent survey conducted by the central government indicates that cities where the buildings are wisely planned and allocated develop its economy more rapidly than those intensively-populated cities.

最近由中央政府进行的一项调查显示,那些建筑物分布合理的城市能比其他那些人口分布密集的城市更快地发展其他经济。

雅思写作怎么写论证

举例要选有说服力的

举例是很多考生愿意在考场上使用并且常用的方法,但是很多考生喜欢以自己或者自己的朋友、国家为例,这样的例子是片面的,没有典型性与普遍性。所以,可以把自己的家庭扩大到一类家庭,把自己的国家扩大到一类国家,这样才具备足够的说服力。举例子,在记叙文中使用也很广泛,一篇记叙文几乎就是在讲一个故事或经历。但是,议论文的例子万万不可这么长篇大论的写,一个论点的例子应控制在一句话左右。

因果论证最体现逻辑性

因果论证是最能体现学生逻辑思维能力的一种写作手法,而且也是中国考生平时接触最多、运用最多的一种。因此,如果学生能够准确运用,会帮文章加分不少。

学生在运用因果论证分析原因时,应内外因结合,例如青少年犯罪率的问题,学生可以涉及到外因【例如网络暴力的影响等】;除此之外,也需涉及到内因【例如青少年本身不成熟,很容易被误导等】。

让步论证法较新颖

让步论证法是中国考生较为陌生的一个概念。其实,在中学的时候学习状语从句,我们就学过让步的关系,先退一步承认一个与自己观点相反的事实,再转折给出自己的观点,否定前者。使用让步的论证法时,应该简单明了,与自己相反观点只需选取一个就可以了。

雅思大作文如何展开论证

第一种应用实例论证的雅思写作方法就是应用名人实例,因为这是大家都知道的事情,能够引起共鸣。

Although sticking to one’s goal is key to success, sometimes one should be ready to give up. Napoleon’s story is a case in point. After Napoleon succeeded in seizing the crown of France, he should have been satisfied with his achievement. But he did not. He went on to conquer the whole Europe. Then after he succeeded in ruling almost the whole Europe, he should have given up this ambition to expanding his empire. But he did not. He went on to invade Russia and there he suffered a total defeat. Later he was sent into exile and died in a lonely island.

在这个雅思大作文主体中,引用了拿破仑的事迹来加以论证。拿破仑是家喻户晓的人物,而且最后决定拿破仑及其帝国命运的滑铁卢战役也是大家都知晓的。通过这个例子来说明在适当的时候学会放弃是很有说服力的。在举例时,最好选择一些大家都知晓的,这样才能更有说服力。

第二种雅思写作方法就是应用考生自己的亲身经历来加以论证。

The second reason for my propensity for outdoor activities is that they can build my mind greatly. In sports, one must learn to struggle for the victory, learn to fight with no matter what is left in his body. And one must learn to stick to one’s own confidence and hope, no matter how little the hope may be. And one must learn to accept failure, learn to start again after failure. Long-running and mountain climbing contribute much to this kind of spirits. I will never forget the feeling when I raced to the final line first in a 300-meter running. I could hardly breathe in the last 100 meters. My lungs ached and my legs weighed tons, but there was still one runner in front of me. I gave all my strength to move one foot ahead of the other. When I surpassed him, he gave a cry of surprise, I won at last and I learned much from the race.

在这个雅思大作文主体中,在提出主题句后,先是加以论述,然后用长跑和爬山作为例子。最后又用自己的亲身经历和感受来论证室外活动可以增强一个人的毅力,这样的论证非常鲜活。

雅思写作论证举例的方法

雅思写作论证举例的方法一、摆事实

摆事实目前是指在行文当中描述一些自己或者熟知的亲友的经历。这样做的主要目的是可以用一些细节向考官展示我们对语言的驾驭能力,同时,还可以通过真人真事引起考官的共鸣。

雅思写作论证举例的方法二、列数字

在雅思写作中雅思写作题型没有很多,大家可提前采取一系列的方法去应对它。实际上,当大家在看原汁原味的英文文章的时候,肯定会发现很多作者往往都会列举一些调查和研究成果来证明自己的观点,因为这样往往是比较符合欧美国家人的习惯的,它们在可信度上和摆事实上都具有一种异曲同工之妙。

雅思写作论证举例的方法三、做引用

引用这个词,其实对于我们来说并不陌生,因为我们中国学生往往最擅长的就是引经据典,但是事实上,雅思考试当中,我们一般都不会去引用名人名言,除非我们当时引用的是一个领域里面最顶尖最权威的,并且还是众所周知的人,比如孔子、亚里士多德、甚至是柏拉图等人的名言;或者是那种经过证实了的,并且还被大多数人认为是公理的名言,以及还有那些见诸于报纸和电视上的报道等。

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