托福阅读答案解析

发布时间:2022-05-13 17:54:24

托福阅读答案解析

同学们可能对于新托福阅读还不是非常了解,不知道阅读主要考的是什么。

新托福阅读题真题解析

2017年4月15日新托福阅读题解析:大陆漂移Continental Drift分别说了4个不同的scientist在大陆漂移学说方面做出的学术研究。首先是一个人发现了同样extinct的物种在不同大陆的fossil,他认为是因为那个时候有大陆桥【continental bridge】。第二个人认为大陆是由更大的陆地板块分裂而来的,因为那个时候月球进入了地球的引力范围,所以产生潮汐力使得大陆板块分裂,他的证据是一个海底的mountain chain。第三个人写了一本monumental的著作,提出了本来是个supercontinent然后分裂的说法,其证据有二:一是和当时的海岸线吻合,二是fossil体现出的古生物特征吻合。最后一个人支持前一个人的理论并且发现了一个有力的证据:一种淡水生物,在南非和古巴均有,而这种生物不可能在海水中游了这么远去寻找另一个环境中条件差不多的淡水。最后,即使有这么多证据,当时很多地质学家还是不愿意接受这一理论。

20170225托福考试阅读三篇文章是:The Chaco Roads【查科文明的道路】,Essentials of Chinese Art【中国艺术的基本组成要素】,和Iron and Steel in the United States in the Nineteenth Century【19世纪美国的钢铁业】。第二篇文章话题第一次涉及,全文词汇、长难句、语言抽象性都达到了爆表级别,待会重点讲解。

考句1。A few long-term characteristics stand out, although, as important as these culturally distinctive elements were in the history of Chinese art, they still leave out much of significance and interest.难点:长难句中作者重心的把握,以及由此显示出的作者态度;大段插入语割裂前后语义;插入语中本身又存在倒装;词组的灵活使用。解析:考生首先要知道as引导的句子如果发生倒装,那么此时的as表示“虽然”引导让步,所以原句中插在although后面的插入句恢复正常语序为“as these culturally distinctive elements were as important in the history of Chinese art”,这其中的第一个as=although,第二个as=so【做副词修饰形容词】,所以这个句子也等同于“although these culturally distinctive elements were so important in the history of Chinese art”。于是整句话大结构变成“A few long-term characteristics…,although, although these culturally distinctive elements were so important in the history of Chinese art, they still…”,让步中又有让步,这是这句话最大的看点。整句话意思是:虽然这些【中国】文化特点在中国艺术史上是如此的重要,但是它们仍然没有引起许多重视和兴趣,但即便如此【没有引起重视和兴趣】,这些长期存在的中国文化特点还是闪亮而出【stand out】。

考句2。Several lesser roadways from Chaco Canyon’s great houses of Pueblo Bonito and Chetro Ketl ascendChaco’s north wall to converge on Pueblo Alto. From there, the road travels 13 degree northeast for about 3 kilometers before heading directly north for nearly 48 kilometers across open country to Kutz Canyon, where it vanishes.难点设置:对生词的考查和对道路细节描写的准确理解/真正理解。解析:这两句话中就考了3个词汇题:ascend,converge,vanishes。合起来两句话的意思准确理解为:几条从Chaco峡谷里的大房子Pueblo Bonito 和大房子Chetro Ketl延伸出来的狭窄小路向上攀升,攀上了Chaco峡谷的北缘,然后这几条小路汇聚于Pueblo Alto变成一条道路。从Pueblo Alto,这条路以北偏东13度的角度向北推进3千米,然后直直向正北推进了几乎48千米穿越了广袤地区最终到达了Kutz峡谷,在Kutz峡谷这条路就突然消失了。

阅读题型内容都了解了,同学们还是要平时多加练习,多阅读一些英文文章是再好不过了。

托福阅读冲刺阶段掌握哪些技巧

托福阅读的冲刺阶段,也是大家提分的关键阶段在,这个过程中,我们具体的需要掌握哪些技巧呢?为大家整理了详细的备考内容,供大家参考。

一、快速识别托福生词

从某种意义上来讲,你积累的英语词汇量的多少,影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求,即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手,只有掌握足够多的词汇后,你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。

遇到生词,即使不知道什么意思,也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系,运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。其次,还可以分析选项,进行对比,往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项,此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。

二、遇到托福新话题不要慌

读书破万卷,下笔如有神,放在托福阅读备考中依然适用。考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面,对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后,在参加托福考试时,当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后,解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉,不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚,对文章要说的东西特别盲目,答题的准确率自然而然的也就会有所上升。

对于考试技巧,“适合别人的不一定适合自己”。考生可以根据自己的实际情况去训练,尽快找到最适合自己的解锁方式。当考试遇到新话题,不要慌张,一定要合理运用有限的时间,拿捏好做题的速度,多多联系上下文,回忆相关话题,在规定时间内完成所有题目。

三、掌握SQ3R 法能快速了解文章逻辑

托福阅读技巧中的SQ3R法能够有效的加快阅读速度,提升考生对文章逻辑的理解。面对一篇长篇文章,一定要做到五点。Scan. 扫读 Question. 提问 Read. 阅读 Review. 复读 Recite。扫读可以让你对全文有个初步的了解。许多优秀作品的提纲都遵循一套逻辑,让读者能轻松的熟悉和了解文章的主题素材。提问可以让你知道每段的方向,和对文章内容的熟悉程度。做题的时候能够快速定位,有些时候自己提问问题还能和题目重叠,提高答题效率。阅读可以让你熟知每段主旨,了解中心思想,明白作者用意。有利于预测和推论题。

四、题外话:考场预热

托福考试阅读部分和听力部分之间不会停顿,你没有休息的时间,建议考生食用一顿合理丰富的早餐,做好考前的准备。另外就是在做题过程中可复查和修改答案,但由于这样很浪费时间,请尽量一次性通过。如果遇到阅读加试,托福考生将不会被告知哪一篇文章是加试文章。加试虽然不算分,但是有可能会影响考生的成绩,因此考生要认真对待加试题。做完一个部分的阅读,系统会提示考生点击“continue”进入下一部分,如果不按的话,系统大约等待1-2分钟后会自动进入下一部分。

托福阅读六选三题型解析

托福阅读,作为四项中的拉分科目,对于大多数考生有着 " 用时短,见效快 " 的作用。就目前已经达分的同学成绩综合分析看来:90+的阅读分数普遍在25分以上,100+的则大多数已经超过了27分。由此,解决托福阅读题目中," 老大难 " 题目——总结题【又称 " 六选三 " 】是每一位考生的跨不过去的坎。

题型理解

不是细节题。如非必要,不要以细节题的角度去分析每个选项【如具体动词/程度是否和原文一致】,否则费力不讨好。

可以这么理解最后一题的6个选项:ETS工作人员出题出到最后,屁股坐不住了,凭借着印象在没有对应原文的基础上大致例举出的6个句子。【PS:TPO及真题中多次出现正确选项有程度较小的错误】

排除。单从数字上来考虑,6选3需要排除的选项个数和4选1一致,所以从该视角去看待最后一题心里不至于发怵。

不要轻易回原文看。崇尚完美主义的同学,往往会读完每一个选项都要回到文章中找到对应的段落进行反复的对比。但是,一个句子和一个段落是没有可比性的。百分之八十的同学们在这个地方石乐志。

解题步骤

对于全篇文章唯一分值为2的题目,我们应该给予足够的尊重,无论什么情况下都要剩余 " 60-120 " 的时间应对该题。

段落大意的总结。每一段【大多数首/尾段去掉,本文不详述】讲的内容大致方向,能够用2-3个单词或者汉字概括。

长难句分析。对于六个选项,每句话筛出主干。

排除。主干如果覆盖第二步概括的内容,留下;反之则果断排除。

Pair选项二选一。当剩下的选项中有2个选项都在描述一个段落/层次的内容的话,必要的回到该段落判断并排除其中一个选项。

例题【TPO11-2】

P1.

Intro/Back【略】

P2/3

Kramer initiated important new kinds of research regarding how animals orient and navigate. Orientation issimply facing in the right direction; navigation involves finding ones way from point A to point B.

Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered aroundin the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast,at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new " Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as acompass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous.How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.

段意总结:某人做了某实验,实验步骤略,实验结果:鸟参考太阳【TheSun】飞

P4

So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. The boxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same point of the compass. However, its position with respect to the surroundings could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as the background. As long as the birds could see the Sun, no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to the correct food box. Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or the left wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days,however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

段意总结:某人做了另一个实验,证明前文观点,故本段没有核心内容。

P5

In experimenting with artificial suns, Kramer made another interesting discovery. If the artificial Sun remained stationary,the birds would shift their direction with respect to it at a rate of about 15 degrees per hour, the Sun's rate of movement across the sky. Apparently, the birds were assuming that the "Sun" they saw was moving at that rate. When the real Sun was visible, however, the birds maintained a constant direction as it moved across the sky. In other words, they were able to compensate for the Sun's movement. This meant that some sort of biological clock was operating-and a very precise clock at that.

段意总结:某人做了另一个实验,证明鸟存在生物钟【BiologicalClock】帮助飞行

P6

What about birds that migrate atnight? Perhaps they navigate by the night sky. To test the idea, caged night-migrating birds were placed on the floor of a planetarium during their migratory period. A planetarium isessentially a theater with a domelike ceiling onto which a night sky can be projected for any night of the year. When the planetarium sky matched the sky outside,the birds fluttered in the direction of their normal migration. But when the dome was rotated, the birds changed their direction to match the artificial sky. The results clearly indicated that the birds were orienting according to the stars.

段意总结:某人做了另一个实验,证明鸟在晚上【Night】靠看星星【Star】帮助飞行

题目

○Because caged birds become disoriented when the skyis overcast, Kramer hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position.

主干提到太阳【the Sun】,保留

○ In one set of experiments, Kramer placed the box containing food at the same point of the compass each time he put food boxes inthe birds’ environment.

主干未提及前文总结内容,排除

○ Kramer demonstrated that an internal biological clock allows starlings to compensate for the Sun's movement.

主干提到生物钟【biological clock】,保留

○After several studies, Kramer surmised that an internal biological clock allows some species of birds to navigate at night.

主干提到生物钟【biological clock】使得鸟在晚上【night】飞,虽然两个段意都提及,但两段间并无因果关系,排除。

○ The role of environmental cues in birds' navigation is clear, for on overcast days, birds use objects besides the Sun to orient themselves.

主干未提及前文总结内容,排除

○Kramer showed that night-migrating birds use the sky to navigate by the stars.

主干提到星星【star】使得鸟在晚上【night】飞,保留

托福阅读怎么备考

其实托福阅读考试中,如果大家掌握到正确的方法 ,也是很容易提高分数的。那么子啊具体的备考中,我们到底应该怎么做呢?为大家整理了相关的内容,供大家参考。

主动积累托福阅读的背景知识

在考生们备考托福阅读时,同样的考题,大家熟悉的同时,另外还需要去掌握文章的背景知识,如此做题才会变得更轻松,做题速度以及准确率同样都一定会提升许多,因此在这里提醒考生们,一定要在新托福备考时间里更加努力配备另一兵器——背景知识,这就等于是大家当备考过程里,还要更多的阅读长文章,努力积累新托福阅读里常考文章的背景知识,题材尽量广泛,因为天文、地理、医学、历史、文化、教育、艺术等内容,在托福考题里都会牵涉到。而新托福阅读考试常考的背景有印第安题材的,动植物题材的,考古学题材的,美国历史题材的等等,推荐考生多读读《国家地理杂志》和《DISCOVERY》。

主动阅读文章的重要位置

何为主动?代表了不能够如普通的阅读般真正的被动地接受信息,要求的是持续的做思考和预测;而关键方面是每一段的开头以及结尾地方。由于TOEFL阅读理解文章全部是从正式出版物里选择,文章的逻辑结构也就是相当的完整和严谨,同时出现的逻辑模式还是屈指可数。经过系统的训练,考生的预测能够做到十分准确的程度。这样,借助阅读文章的几个重要的位置,就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系,也就解决了问题的70%。

主动思考文章的逻辑结构

听力包含了听写跟读,阅读有复述。当看完一整段以后,能不能把段落起承转合整理至百分之八十的水平,一定要观察到是否能够把句间逻辑联系抓住。在托福阶段,逻辑基本都是用显性的逻辑关联词作为代表,要熟记;在此基础上,需要的是储备经常看见的段落结构,做到举一反三,以不变应万变来面对新文章,新段落。

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