托福阅读天文学词汇

发布时间:2022-05-13 18:03:42

托福阅读天文学词汇

天文学是托福考察的重点学科领域之一,尤其是托福听力和托福阅读,无论是考察频次和考察难度都非常高,那么这个时候如果我们能够掌握一些重点学科词汇,对我们更快更精准地理解阅读和听力材料就会大有裨益,下面我们就来看一下托福考试中高频出现的20个天文学科重点词汇和例析。

1. Cosmos 宇宙

Cosmology 宇宙学

Cosmologist 宇宙学家

例句:Philosopher and physicist Stephen Hawking is probably the world's most famous cosmologist.哲学家和物理学家史蒂芬霍金也许是全球著名的宇宙学家之一。

2. Asteroid n.小行星 adj.星状的

Asteroid belt 小行星带

例句:Many asteroids have been placed in groups and families based on their orbital characteristics. 人们根据轨道特征对许多小行星进行分类。

3. Axis n.轴;轴心国【纳粹德国、意大利王国和日本帝国】

英文释义:an imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and its North and South Poles;the center around which something rotates

例句:The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles.地球绕着南北两极之间的地轴自转。

4. Big Bang n.宇宙大爆炸【一种关于宇宙起源的学说】

英文释义:theory that an explosion created the universe many billions of years ago

根据霍金的时间简史,大爆炸是宇宙开端的奇点;大挤压则是宇宙终结的奇点。

这个词还可以指1986年10月27日伦敦证交所的“创世大爆炸”改革

5. Black hole n. 黑洞【宇宙中包括光线在内的一切事物都会被吸入的区域】

英文释义:an area in outer space into which everything near it, including light, is pulled.

时空的一个区域,因为那里的引力是如此之强,以至于任何东西,甚至光都不能从该处逃逸出来。

6. Comet n.彗星

英文释义:an object in outer space that develops along, bright tail when it passes near the sun

来自于拉丁语cometa,长发。因形状如拖着的长头发而得名。

Halley’s comet 哈雷彗星

7. Constellation n. 星座

英文释义:a group of stars that forms a particular pattern and has a name.

A star in the constellation of Orion猎户座的一颗恒星

Zodiac 黄道带,指太阳、月亮及行星所行经区域构成的假想带

上个世纪70年代旧金山出现的自称“十二宫”的连环杀手。

Chinese Zodiac生肖

8. Dark matter n. 暗物质

英文释义:a type of matter that scientists think may exist that does not give off electromagnetic radiation but is quite abundant in the universe

“存在于星系、星团中以及也许在星系团之间的,不能被直接观测到的但是能用它的引力效应检测到的物质。宇宙物质的90%可能采取暗物质的状态”——《时间简史》

9. Ellipse n.椭圆

英文释义:an elongated circle, or oval shape;shape of planetary orbits

例句:If this is an ellipse around the Earth,then this would be perigee and this would be apogee.

如果这是一个围绕地球的椭圆形轨道,那么这是近地点,这是远地点。

Elliptical machine椭圆机

10. Equinox n.春分,秋分,昼夜平分点

英文释义:one of the two times in a year when night and day are of equal length

例句:Why was the rising Sun due east one day after the equinox?

为什么是春分后一天太阳正好从东方升起?

The spring equinox春分

11. Galaxy n.银河;星系

英文释义:a collection of stars, star systems,dust, and gas bound together by gravity

the Milky Way 银河

源自于希腊语galaxias,词根gala意为“乳汁”,古希腊人认为银河是天后赫拉的乳汁流淌而成的。

例句:There are three main types of galaxy: spiral,elliptical, and irregular

星系主要有三种类型:螺旋形、椭圆形、和形状不规则的星系。

12. Light year n. 光年【约为94605亿千米】

英文释义:the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers

13. Meteor 流星

英文释义:any of the small solid galactic bodies that enter the earth's atmosphere

Astronomers track large meteors using radar天文学家使用雷达跟踪大型流星

Luminous meteors极光

14. Nebula n.星云

英文释义:clouds of gas or dust in the universe that are made visible by the light of neighboring stars

例句:Light takes as long as 1500 years to reach Earth from the distant Horsehead Nebula 光需要1500年从马头星云传播到地球

15. Gravity n.重力;

英文释义:the force of attraction between all masses in the universe

例句:Because of the moon's smaller mass, its gravity is only one sixth of that on Earth.由于月球的质量较小,其重力仅为地球的六分之一

Gravity另有“庄重”、“严肃”的意思

16. Orbit n./v.轨道;绕…作轨道运行

英文释义:the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space

例句:The satellite orbits the Earth every 48 hours. 这颗人造卫星每48小时绕地球运行一周

17. Rotation n.自转;旋转

英文释义:the spinning motion of a planet on its axis

例句:The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours. 地球自转需要24小时

18. solar eclipse 日蚀

英文释义:when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth

lunareclipse 月蚀

英文释义:when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon

19. Solstice n.至;至点

来自于古拉丁语“point at which the sun seems to stand still”字面意思即太阳停止的地方。

英文释义:the time that Earth’s poles point at their greatest angle toward or away from the Sun

Summer solstice 夏至

Winter solstice冬至

20. Tide n.海潮;潮汐

英文释义:the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the Moon

Time and tide wait for no man.“岁月不待人”

Turn the tide 扭转局势;力挽狂澜

托福阅读强化练习附答案

为了辅助大家更好地备考托福阅读考试,协调自己的阅读能力,为大家整理了一些强化练习,希望对大家接下来的阅读备考都有一定的帮助。详细内容如下:

【一】快速检索单词:请在30秒内完成。

用下划线在右侧词群中标出出现的每个与左边单词相同的词。

1】 sought sought fought sought fought sought fought

2】 minks sinks minkes minks sinks sinks sink

3】 phrase phase phase phrase phase phase phase

4】 chrome chrome chronic chrome chronic chrome

5】 bright light brought bright right bring bright

6】 discovery discover discovery recovery recover discuss

7】 whale whale wheel whale whaling white

8】 nature nurture natural nature nurse nature

9】 mammal animal mammal mammon mammoth mammal

10】 visionvisual vision virtual vision visional

时间:_____秒。正确:_____个。 在横线上标出左边单词出现的次数。

1】 whirl whirr whim whirl whim whirr whirl ______

2】 altaralter alter alter altar altar after altar ______

3】 course coarse course course coarse coarse ______

4】 whirl whirr whim whirr whim whirr whim ______

5】 breath breathe breathe breathe breath breath ______

6 course coarse course course coarse coarse ______

7】 radar reader read radar reader radar ______

8】 perceive perception perceive perceive perception perceptive ______

9】 navigate navigate negative navigate navigation navigate ______

10】 adapt adapt adopt adaption accept adapt ______

时间:_____秒。正确:_____个。【第四个故意没有左边单词,目的是提醒大家不要回视。要么第一次就看到,要么就干脆漏掉。】

【二】 快速短语识别:用下划线标出出现的所有第一个词组。请在15秒内完成。

1 industrial world

water per person population explosion food production electricity world industrial world water policies industrial world innovative layoutindustrial process falling behind violence world soil quality industrial revolution continue to raise international tensions

2 economic benefit

economy benefit economic growth economic development economy policy

electricity service economical engine effective solution economic benefit

efficient beginner effective skills economic benefit economical design

economic benefit economically fit economic activities

【三】快速识别替换词。请在35秒内完成。

mistaken - misconceptions misunderstand misuse misspell mischance change - view define modify access contain dominant involve - revolve intake follow contain invite invoice tiny - very swift very strong very small very sharp very quick speaking two language – contemporary texts bilingual rhythmic hearty

6. destroy - destruct decide rebuild construct

7. gigantic - excited foolish dangerous huge tiny particular

8. local - abroad board import domestic transport

9. vanish - to paint to disappear to defeat to suffer to decline

10. gloomyfoolish sad timid open poetic slender

11. purchase -to double something to succeed to buy something to lend something

12. hazard - a danger a storm a battle a fire a pound a pool

13. demanding job- precious task difficult job individual job related job

14. habitat - a place to live a habit to follow a person to inform

15. distinguished - eminent heritage poisonous contrast extend

答案:misconception, modify, contain, very small, bilingual, destruct, huge, domestic, to disappear, sad, to buy something, a danger, difficult job, a place to live, eminent

新托福阅读背景知识分享

托福阅读想要拿到高分,大家在复习备考中,还是要多了解一些背景知识,一方面辅助我们更好地理解原文内容,一方面也有助于大家进行阅读的练习。两全其美。为大家整理了相关的内容,供大家参考。

为什么赤道地区不能形成台风?

因为科氏力能使气流转弯,但赤道地区没有科氏力,所以虽然赤道地区很热,但仍无法形成台风,必须在纬度5度以上,才有足够的科氏力。 在横渡大西洋前往圣萨尔瓦多的时候,哥伦布发现蔚蓝色的海洋中,有一道深蓝色的河流自东向西流动着。这时,帆船快速地随波漂流。哥伦布在日记中写道:“我注意到海水明显地自东向西流动,好像上帝驱使的一样。”

其实,哥伦布看到的那道深蓝色的“河流”就是海流。海流是海水大规模相对稳定的运动,它遍及世界各个大洋,组成一个个好似封闭的循环。海流的运动有很多奇怪的地方。

首先,它运动的方向会在惯性作用下发生偏转。这个现象是物理学家科里奥利首先提出来的,人们就称这种力叫“科氏力”。

假设在没有科氏力作用下,海洋中运动的船只会沿着直线行进。然而,在科氏力作用下,船只的前进方向马上就改变了。由于我们这个装置是模拟地球北半球的运动,所以,偏转的方向会向右。

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